Isa5[1].1 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

STANDARD ISA-5.1-1984 (R1992) Formerly ANSI/ISA-5.1-1984 (R1992) Instrumentation Symbols and Identification NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT This is a copyrighted document and may not be copied or distributed in any form or manner without the permission of ISA. This copy of the document was made for the sole use of the person to whom ISA provided it and is subject to the restrictions stated in ISA’s license to that person. It may not be provided to any other person in print, electronic, or any other form. Violations of ISA’s copyright will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law and may result in substantial civil and criminal penalties. Reaffirmed 13 July 1992 TM ISA–The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society ISA-5.1-1984†¦show more content†¦Its weakness is generally that of not being specific enough to satisfy the special requirements of particular interest groups. The symbols and identification contained in ISA-5.1 have evolved by the consensus method and are intended for wide application throughout the process industries. The symbols and designations are used as conceptualizing aids, as design tools, as teaching devices, and as a concise and specific means of communication on all types and kinds of technical, engineering, procurement, construction, and maintenance documents. ISA-5.1-1984 (R 1992) 3 In the past, the standard has been flexible enough to serve all of the uses just described. In the future, it must continue to do so. To this end, this revision offers symbols, identification, and definitions for concepts that were not previously described; for example, shared display/control, distributed control, and programmable control. Definitions were broadened to accommodate the fact that, although similar functions are being performed by the new control systems, these functions are frequently not related to a uniquely identifiable instrument; yet they still must be conceptualized and identified. The excellent SAMA (Scientific Apparatus Makers Association) method of functional diagramming was used to describe function blocks and function designators. To help the batch processing industries, where binary (on-off) symbolism is extremely

Effects Of Oil Pollution On The Environment - 1739 Words

Introduction Oil pollution is one of the most significant form of the damage to the marine environment, and it is a serious global issue. It can bring huge bad effects to the environment, marine lives and even the human being. It happens during the process of oil exploitation, transportation, handling, processing and use, due to leakage and emissions of oil caused by pollution, mainly in the ocean (Zhao, 2010). While the oil floats on the sea surface, it can spread and form oil film rapidly, and can be transported through diffusion, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, photodegradation and biodegradation and absorption. Oil can be attached to the fish gills which will lead to suffocation; inhibit water birds spawning and hatching,†¦show more content†¦The oil runoff from the land is complex, it can hang around in the ocean and move between water and sediment, which will make it difficult to effectively track (Dell’Amore Nunez, 2014). (2) Land city sewage. The land city sewage is also a source of oil pollution to the ocean while countries all over the world will discharge the untreated or insufficiently treated water waste into the ocean that may contain pollution components. (3) Transportation of ships and tankers. The oil pollution may also come from the operational discharges from ships, oil spill that caused by accidents such as the collision of oil tankers or hit the reef, and operating sewage, ship repair sewage and ballast water sewage (Li, Wang Ha, 2014). (4) Offshore oil exploration. During the offshore oil exploration, it can also contribute to the oil pollution including oil spill, oil remover, drilling mud, fuel, ballast water and oil production, etc., usually a mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, synthetic organic matter and radioactive substances and other pollution components (Li, Wang Ha, 2014). (5) Oil extraction platform. 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I Think Therefore I Am free essay sample

I want to turn the world inside out. Well, I guess I would be happy with just a room for now. If you saw my room, you might say it was already inside out, so what on earth am I talking about? It started one day in French class. We were looking at pictures Madame Cowherd had taken on her vacation in France. She showed us a series of pictures taken from the center of a garden in Paris, all from the same point of view, by turning around in one spot. When lined up, they overlapped to form a giant panoramic view of the garden and the buildings surrounding it. Chouette, cest superbe! I said. It struck me that the same building was visible on either end of the line up, yet someone could have fooled me that it was only a long row of buildings, and these two simply looked very similar. Later that day, I could not get those pictures out of my head. Questions raced through my mind; If the pictures were large enough to fill your entire sight, could you trick someone to think they were actually there? What would happen if you included the sky in your panoramic shot? and What if you took enough pictures to capture every angle at once? Late into the night, I would realize it would be months before I unraveled even the smallest corner of this problem. I started out with a vision of us, living in giant spheres, all of our surroundings simply intricate paintings on the wall. All right, imagine you have a camera suspended from the ceiling in a room, and you take pictures of every possible angle. Be very careful not to move the spot from where the camera takes these pictures. Now, suppose we overlapped these pictures like the garden in France, but this time in the shape of a sphere, say, on the inside of a large ball. If you were inside this ball, it would be a very accurate replica of what was in real life. The floor of my room would still be completely buried in about five inches of college mail (only I wouldnt have to deal with it). All distances and dimensions would remain un-distorted. The illusion would disappear when you moved from where the camera took the pictures, but it is a kinda neat idea, nest-ce pas? I spent hours discovering the mathematics and physics behind this phenomenon, numerous relationships including how the focus of the camera would affect the size of the sphere, but a subject could not tell the difference anyway. Imagine two mountains, one twice as tall, but also twice as far away as the other. We would perceive the two in the same way. It was about a week later, discussing this with a friend late at night standing in his driveway, when I first started asking really abstract questions. What if we lined up these pictures on the outside of a sphere instead? It took seemingly forever to visualize what might happen, but I think there are drastic and phenomenal results. It is like, well, turning space inside out. If our point in space (where we took the pictures) perceived in all directions, then should that point still perceive the same way, after being turned inside out? And if so, has that point become so large as to surround our sphere, actually become the outside, thereby being able to perceive all the way around? Think of what this might mean. I could see a new school of art, dealing with turning space inside out, using drawing and painting as well as photography. Picasso wanted to show the front and back of a subject simultaneously on a flat surface, and thus was born Cubism. Could an artist instead expand a subject to become the outside of its perception, actually become what we call the outside? And if so, could we accurately represent this on a spherical surface. So far, I have yet to come up with a practical way to get spherical paper, though I have picked up the skill of paper-making along the journey. When I tried to shape the paper around a ball, it turned into a lumpy mess, and every bowl in my house has a flattened out surface where it rests. I guess I cant really draw either, but Ive always wanted to try, and what better reason? And what if one was to build an inside-out room, so it would fill our entire perspective? I think you could place it in front of someone so they believed they were actually in the room. Simply turning the sphere would appear like turning your head, without doing anything. We have turned a room inside out, and we might be fooled into thinking it never happened. Now what if instead of a flat photograph, we had actual matter, real objects, in its place? What if we built a model of everything we can see from a certain spot and put it together inside out? Taking pictures was easier to visualize, because the focus of the camera dictated how large objects would be, but now everything would be messed up. I think we would have to make things bigger the closer they were, and squish distant things together. This could have neat consequences. Maybe we could build a house to live in with a tenth of the materials. Imagine turning the endless heavens above us inside out, compressing the limitless miles of space into the breadth of a few feet, but having it still be real matter. Is this the key to space travel at velocities greater than that of light a feat previously held to be impossible? And if so how do we do it? And what would happen? Or is the universe actually like this, and we cannot tell, because it has never been any other way? And if we find ou t, what happens then? Geez, I dont know. Did I tell you about my recent musical composition? Im trying to see just how many notes I can have played at the same time without making people cringe. Why do we shy away from dissonant sounds, anyway? It seems to me that

Marriage Essays - Marriage, Wedding, Premarital Sex,

Marriage Most couples spend a great deal of time, energy and money on a wedding ceremony that lasts a couple of hours. It is much easier to prepare for a successful wedding than a successful marriage. Marriage is an exciting process that does not come with a clearly outlined instruction book. Those who prepare for marriage and work at their relationship are among those most likely to experience personal and relational satisfaction. Marriage is an excursion that will touch every phase of your life. It will bring you many joys and many challenges. Preparing for marriage means you need to take time to share feelings positive and negative. Carefully preparing for marriage not just the wedding has become an increasingly important and popular option for couples. Recently, Florida passed legislation that gives couples a discount on the cost of their marriage license if they first take a course on communication and conflict resolution. Florida was the fourth state to pass legislation promoting preparation for marriage. At least ten other states, including Illinois, are considering some form of legislation in this area. In Lenawee County, Michigan, couples that wish to have a public official marry them must complete a premarital education class. Couples who stay together happily know how to relate to each other in positive ways. It is a fallacy to think that some couples have magically harmonious relationships and that the rest of us must travel the story shores of marital conflict. All couples have conflict and difficulties. The d ifference between a healthy marriage and a troubled one is how they handle conflict(Gale).Your marriage is the most important thing in your life. If you believe that and if youre ready to work for it and it is hard work then you will succeed. (McManus) Social Issues